Deep Learning ResNet101 Deep Features of Portable Chest X-Ray Accurately Classify COVID-19 Lung Infection

This study is designed to develop Artificial Intelligence (AI) based analysis tool that could accurately detect COVID-19 lung infections based on portable chest x-rays (CXRs). The frontline physicians and radiologists suffer from grand challenges for COVID-19 pandemic due to the suboptimal image quality and the large volume of CXRs. In this study, AI-based analysis tools were developed that can precisely classify COVID-19 lung infection. Publicly available datasets of COVID-19 (N = 1525), non-COVID-19 normal (N = 1525), viral pneumonia (N = 1342) and bacterial pneumonia (N = 2521) from the Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology (SIRM), Radiopaedia, The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) and Kaggle repositories were taken. A multi-approach utilizing deep learning ResNet101 with and without hyperparameters optimization was employed. Additionally, the fea-tures extracted from the average pooling layer of ResNet101 were used as input to machine learning (ML) algorithms, which twice trained the learning algorithms. The ResNet101 with optimized parameters yielded improved performance to default parameters. The extracted features from ResNet101 are fed to the k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and support vector machine (SVM) yielded the highest 3-class classification performance of 99.86% and 99.46%, respectively. The results indicate that the proposed approach can be bet-ter utilized for improving the accuracy and diagnostic efficiency of CXRs. The proposed deep learning model has the potential to improve further the efficiency of the healthcare systems for proper diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19 lung infection.

Optimal DG Allocation Based on Pay-back Period by a Proposed Modification for Coronavirus Herd Immunity Optimization

Distribued Generations (DG) have economic, financial, and environmental benefits. DG reduces power losses in the distribution system but has a negative impact on the protection devices. In this article, the IEEE 33 bus system will be used and tested by adding up to three DG units using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. the optimization techniques that will be used are Grey Wolf Optimizer, Whale Optimization Algorithm, Genetic Algorithm, and Coronavirus Herd Immunity or COVID-19 optimization techniques to select the optimal site and size of the DG units based on the lowest pay-back period considering the voltage limits and power losses. The paper proposes a modified mutation operator for COVID-19 based on Gaussian and Cauchy mutations to have better performance and lower variance. The proposed algorithm is compared with the other optimization techniques. The proposed algorithm achieved better results, which proved to have competitive performance with state-of-the-art evolutionary algorithms. © 2022 IEEE.